The Production Of Oil Production - 910 Words

Cover page Name: Abdullah Althawwad. Topic: oil production. Specific purpose: I want my audience to understand the process of the oil production from the extraction from the field to the oil refinery. Main idea: in this speech, I will discuss the oil production stages from locating the field, to the extraction, and refinery. Type: scientific technical presentation. What I see from my audience that they do not have the enough knowledge about the oil production and what is the process that the oil went through until consumption. I explained to my audience the process of the production line and I have divided the issue into three main stages. I have supported my presentation with examples and visual aids to help my audience understand.†¦show more content†¦B. Second I will explain the extraction of the oil from the ground. C. Finally, I will explain the oil refinery operations and processes, the how the oil becomes raw martials. (Trans: I will now discuses the field locating and the drilling). BODY I. In the first part, I will describe the two main parts of the first stage which is, locating the oil field and the drilling operations. A. The geologists start with using seismic survey in the expected areas whether on the water surface or on the ground to find the right geological structures that may contain oil. 1. The geologists are using different methods to create shock waves, which are travels through the rock layers and reflects back to the surface by using different methods based on the geological conditions. a. They are using the compressed air gun method (over the water). b. And they also use the thumper truck method (over land). B. Once the oil is located, the area now is called an oil field and it must be cleared and prepared for the drilling operations. 1. Now for drilling, the petroleum engineers are responsible to mange the drilling process. a. The crew creates a large wide dig to prepare the place to install the huge oil rig. c. Once the dig is ready for the oil rig, the crew set up the oil rig and starts digging a deep vertical hole to reach the oil reserve. d. Once the pre set depth is reached, the hole has been created and its ready to place a casing pipe to protect the

Delivering HealthCare In The UK

Question: Write an essay on Delivering HealthCare In The UK? Answer: Introduction The health care system can be referred as an organization, institution or such resources who deliver health services to meet the health needs of the people living. All over the world, there is a wide variety of health systems and each nation design and develop their health system according to their need and resources available, although all the health system comprises of common element i.e. primary health care and public health care measures. National Health System: National health came into existence after the Second World War and become in 1948 after a legislation passed in 1946, 1947, 1948.Aneurin Bevan, the health minister founded NHS on the principles of universality. The System was born with an idea to provide equal healthcare system to all the population.This is the system which is publicly funded health care system in Uk and is also termed as oldest single payer system in the world .We can also say NHS is an example of truly socialised medicine .NHs Compromises of two broad sections one delas with management ,strategy and policies on the other section deals with medical and clinical care(Thomson, 2004) .In United Kingdom, all the permanent residents are provided with health care system by the national health service (NHS) or by Britain public health service, which is free at the time of use but its (81%) is paid through general taxation and other (21%) is contributed by national insurance and rest (7%) are the other charges(Agrizzi, n.d. ) . This (NHS) National Health System was established in 1948.and motive is to provide free health care to all the living population. Services like dental care, eye test and prescription are not free and are chargeable. However, pregnant womens, senior citizens, person with low income exempt from the charges. NHS provides health care like primary care, ophthalmology, long term health care dentistry, inpatient care. Not only is this free ambulance service also provided to the patients in case of emergencies. In specific emergencies, air transport is also provided by the military, navy of air force aircraft. How the NHS works? The Local branches of NHS handle the local health care strategy, but the overall strategy is taken care by the department of health or other regional bodies. The local healthcare of England looks after by the 28 strategic health authorities in England (Ham, 1996). These Strategic authorities are the link between Department of health and the NHS. Health care services in the UK are again divided into primary and secondary trust which is directly accountable to strategic health authorities. Primary trust includes general practitioners; dentist, opticians, and pharmist. If proper treatment is not given by your GP then you further refer to secondary care (UK government to examine NHS prescribing, 1995). Secondary care includes the special care of the hospitals. NHS born with an idea to provide better health for all citizens irrespective of their wealth. Hence Minister of Health launched it based on three core principles: It should meet everyones need. Should be free at the time of delivery. And finally based on clinical need, not on ability to pay. NHS developed on these three principles later on, in July 2000, new principles were added and helps in full scale modernisation of the programme .The aim of the principles added is to provide comprehensive range of services ,to change services with the need and preferences of the patients, to respond to different needs of the population ,work in such away to minimize the error and quality of services is to be improved , support the staff, Funds of the public should be solely used for the NHS patients. Funding of health services. National health services are majorly funded by the taxpayer, but national insurance also contributes a small amount, a small amount of income from overseas visitors is also included in the costing of the NHS. National Health System Trust also generates income by treating the patients privately. In England the revenue is generated by this way is 0.6%, whereas in the rest of the UK is much less. NHs is entirely funded by the public and in 2001there is an increase in the national insurance rates, which is mainly raised to increase NHS funding, which in turn balances the national insurance changes and taxation changes although 80 percent of the funding is contributed by general taxation (UK. Better information for the UK public, 2003). In 2008/2009a roughly budget of 1,980 contributes for every man, woman and child in the U.K. in 1948 when the NHS was launched its budget was437 million. And in the year 2015/2016 it was roughly around 115.4 billion. From the total budget of NHS 60 % is pa id as salary to staff and 20% is paid for medicines, drugs and other supplies and rest 20% splits between the maintenance of building equipments, training cost and also on the cleaning and catering on the other hand. For the health priorities in their area almost 80%of the budget is distributed by local trusts. Structure of NHS. The NHS is an organisation structured in such a way to deliver good care all over the country. Under the health and social care act (2012) an organisational structure was modified on 1 April 2013, involving who will make the decision and who will spend money (Edwards, 2012). The national health care system in the UK is controlled by the UK government with department of health, which in turn is politically responsible for the services. The clinical commission groups are accountable for the planning the health services and is also responsible for improving health of the local population. A number of organisations are commissioned to provide NHS Services, which includes private sector companies and NHS trusts. NHS foundation trusts originated from an NHS trust to give them a greater financial freedom and independent legal status (Krishna Regime, 2013). Following are the types of NHS trust and foundation which provides NHS services in specific areas. NHS acute trusts. NHS Ambulance service trusts. NHS care trusts. NHS mental health trusts. NHS special health authorities. NHS plays a vital role in training new doctors and is employed by the NHS and work in NHS run hospitals. Demographic factors affecting the NHS in the future: It is believed that with the passage of time new spending pressure are likely to rise and it will become more difficult to provide sufficient quality of care. With the growing economy income, peoples' expectations for health services will also rise. In future the economic growth will put an upward pressure on the NHS budgets with the growth in wage economy will rise as a result hospital bill will also rise. Rise in the grey population also bring challanges with them ,such demographic change had a great impact on wide range of public policy areas .With the rise in ageing population in future decades also have direct impact on the cost of providing health care.The population now treated is quite older than the one treated 50 years ago .Hence , it is estimated that demographic changes will increase the spending upto 0.1-0.9 %per year till year 2050.There is a favourable impact on the health spending requirements due to these demographic changes .NHs feels pressure to ensure that increas e in the wages of public setor keep pace with increase in the pay of private sector job. Hence it is suggested that the adversely changing demographics require spending to be increase 30 percent over next 40 years (UK. Increased use of private healthcare sector, 2004). Hence, if each year to meet the growing wage spending is to be increased by 2%, as a result, demographic changes would require 3.2% additional funding in real terms. The community health is affected by the six factors that are political, social, economic, heredity, environment behaviour and health care delivery system. Economic and Political Priorities In a Survey done in 2004 a higher level satisfaction against the medical servies of NHS was found by the individuals who used NHS services .92% of hospital inpatients were satisfied with the treatment ,87%of the GP patients were satisfied with their GP,87%outpatients and 70% accident and emergency department patients were also found satisfied .From this survey of satisfaction it is not clear that national press is generally critical of the service as 64% were reporting it to be critical and compared just 13%were saying national press is favourable .Newspaper were also reported as less favourable and reliable as compared to broadcast media .The information from friends and from GPs is considered to be 77% reliable and from 75% from medical professionals considered to be reliable . Conclusion NHS plays a vital role in the health care system of UK .Despite of the many satisfactory results in its working, with the changing health scenarios and changing needs of the society it still faces challenge .To maximize the benefits of National health care system to the common population some new concepts are introduced such as personalised care ,clinical governance ,prescription by the legalised pharmacists(Ramsay, 1994) .It is also the responsibility of National Health care system to make the new discoveries and treatment available to the public .In spite of this Climate change and not proper qualified staff are the challenges in the working of National Heath care System. An analysis done in 2010 of the health care system of seven rich countries NHS was put second. References Abruzzi, D. (N.d.). Costing Information in the UK NHS: The (Non-) Use of Cost Information in the UK NHS Trust Hospitals.SSRN Journal. Davis, K. (1944). Demographic Fact and Policy in India.The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 22(3), p.256. Eastman, P. (2012). How comparative research affects health care management.Oncology Times UK, 9(8), pp.19-21. Edwards, H. (2012). UK NHS workforce reviews.Ultrasound, 20 (3), pp. 129-129. Ham, C. (1996). Managed markets in health care: the UK experiment.Health Policy, 35(3), pp.279-292. Krishna Regmi, S. (2013). Health Care Commissioning: The UK Health Policy Reforms.Prim Health Care, 03(02). Ramsay, S. (1994). UK NHS complaints review.The Lancet, 343(8907), p.1219. Thomson, R. (2004). UK, Quality Indicator Project (R) (UK QIP) and the UK independent health care sector: a new development.International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 16(suppl_1), pp.i51-i56. UK government to examine NHS prescribing. (1995).PharmacoResources, 21 (1), pp. 15-15. UK. Better information for the UK public. (2003).International J Health Care QA, 16(1). UK. Increased use of private healthcare sector. (2004).International J Health Care QA, 17(1). Warden, J. (1994). New funding formula for the NHS.BMJ, 309(6962), pp.1109-1109.

Determinants Of Working Capital Management Before - During - And After T

Question: Discuss about the Determinants Of Working Capital Management Before, During, And After The Global Financial. Answer: Underlying Issues/Major Ideas and Concepts Capex adoption can negatively affect working capital by increasing current liabilities and reducing assets on the balance sheet. Some business leaders fine-tune their cloud adoption strategies to find a balance that avoids negatively affecting the income statement or reducing corporate valuation. Business leaders worldwide are being asked to cut costs and justify any investment decisions. To calculate a proper ROI and show the business that the various business investments are yielding results, business leaders need to know the different aspects of costs. They also need to know how to make a rational decision that will help them provide the right solutions to business, as well as make financial decisions that are in the best interests of the company. This will help them have fruitful discussions with CFOs and enable them to show, in monetary terms, the value business adds to business. Findings Business leaders often need to make decisions on whether to move to the cloud, and they need to determine whether moving to cloud will help them reduce costs and add value to the business. Moving to a Capex adds pressure on the income statement in some specific vertical industries, such as energy, utilities, telecommunication and healthcare. Relevance/Contributions to the Existing Body of Knowledge Cash-rich companies have the ability to fund working capital requirements. Therefore, they aren't forced to choose between Capex or in-house business (keeping all other factors, such as security, availability of service providers and network connectivity constant). At the same time, companies in capital-intensive sectors, such as large manufacturing plants, mining industry, oil and gas, are also not worried about this situation, because, for them, the percentage of business capital investment is low, relative to the overall capital investment. Such large companies are not candidates for merger and acquisition (MA), so they can manage with a lot of in-house business. Opinions on the Research Article However small and midsize businesses (SMBs), such as textile units, marine products companies, bakeries, retail shops, pharmaceutical manufacturers, cement mixing and constructing companies and small nursing homes. Things have changed a lot since the period of 2008. From the time of high capex and strong asset base model, companies are now shifting to asset light model. Asset light models helps in reducing capex and shift to market demands easily. However this at times increases the variable cost and in turn the working capital that is required. Potential for Future Research in the Philippine Setting Shifting capital expenditures (capex) to operational expenditures (opex) through cloud adoption can negatively affect many companies. This is especially true when an enterprise is choosing between the availability of working capital in terms of cash or cash equivalents and long-term loans for capital investments. Financial lease could be a way out of this situation, but this has the impact of an income statement and causes working capital pressures. References: Enqvist, J., Graham, M. and Nikkinen, J. (2014). The impact of working capital management on firm profitability in different business cycles: Evidence from Finland, Research in International Business and Finance, 32(1), 36-49. Jeng-Ren, C., Cheng, L. and Wu, H.W. (2006). The determinants of working capital management, Journal of American Academy of Business, 10(1), 149-155. Jensen, M. and Meckling, W. (1976) Theory of the firm: managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure, Journal of Financial Economics, 3,305-360. Johnson, R. and Soenen, L. (2003). Indicators of successful companies, European Management Journal, 21(3), 364-369.

Social Development free essay sample

Social Development Social affiliation appears to be a central human need. Taking a developmental perspective, we discuss whether and how the desire to belong (approach motivation) and the fear of being rejected (avoidance motivation) might be of central importance for understanding success or failure in transitional phases, especially in the transition from adolescence into adulthood. Cognitive, emotional, and behavioral consequences of social motives (approach, avoidance, and their co-occurrence) are reviewed.We argue that both tendencies need to be taken into account for understanding affiliation motivation and behavior and its significance for life satisfaction and well-being. A predominant social approach motivation has positive consequences for cognition, behavior, emotion, and well-being, whereas the opposite pattern holds for a predominant avoidance motivation. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Development or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Co-occurrence of both is characterized by ambivalent cognitions and emotions, and unstable behavior. Taking a developmental perspective, however, and considering social development in the transition to adulthood, co-occurrence might be more beneficial than a predominant avoidance motivation. The reason I chose this article was because it stated a lot about social development and how important it is in every humans life. Social development is a better term that describes actions that are taken to build positive outcomes and prevent negative social outcomes that can adversely affect a community.This article explains how taking the desire to belong and the fear of being rejected might be very important when understanding the need to succeed or fail in transitional phases, the most important transition being from adolescence to adulthood. Adolescence would be best defined as the life stage between childhood and adulthood. Socially an adolescent has spends years communicating with parents, peers, and teachers. Eventually the social development grows and takes a different turn as they get into relationships and become intimate. I also chose this article because it explains the consequences of social motives which are cognitive, emotional, and behavioral. It explains the importance and how those three motives are significant for life satisfaction and well being. If I had to write a research paper on this topic I would not use this specific article in my paper. Reason being is because I dont feel as though it consisted of enough information. When it comes to the issues with social development in adulthood this article gave some information, but not enough to where it actually lets the reader truly understand how the issues can affect human development.I would want the reader to be able to know what majority of the issues are instead of just talking about social development and how important it may be in someones live. There are many issues that have a Loy to do with social development. If someone isnt aware of those issues then it can definitely affect them in a way that will not benefit them in the future. We as humans have to know the good and bad benefits of social development and I dont think this article explained it enough for anyone to realize that the good and bad benefits are.

An Online Degree Makes Things Easier for Students with Children Essays

An Online Degree Makes Things Easier for Students with Children Essays An Online Degree Makes Things Easier for Students with Children Essay An Online Degree Makes Things Easier for Students with Children Essay Anybody with children understands the daily schedule associated with making sure that everyone is where they need to be at any given time. Between school schedules, extracurricular activities, sports, doctor, dentist, and orthodontist appointments, and the myriad activities in which modern children are engaged, parents are hard pressed to keep it all straight. Add to that a full time job and the daily responsibilities held by adults and you have a very busy family and little time to handle anything extra that comes their way. For adults who are already trying to balance this crazy schedule, throwing the pursuit of a college education into the mix can be downright impossible. How can a parent figure out an appropriate time period in which to drive to campus and sit through classes, when they are already so focused on accommodating their children’s schedule? There is one modern answer to this question; an online degree. The Internet has spawned a number of online programs that have brought convenience and efficiency to the modern world, not the least of which is the availability of online degree programs through colleges and universities. In fact, many reputable and accredited colleges and universities have extended their program offerings to the virtual world, understanding that they need to take advantage of the Internet in order to remain competitive in the modern world. Through online degree programs students can logon to complete all the coursework expected of them including reading, quizzes, tests, and reports and assignments of any kind. The availability of online degree programs allows students in all different circumstances to complete their requirements on a timetable that works for them. For busy parents this means that they can sit down to do their coursework when their children go off to school, after working hours at night, or on weekends.

Formal Research-based Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Formal Research-based Proposal - Essay Example The National Cancer Institute provides updated information on the deathly costs of smoking: â€Å"People who smoke are up to six times more likely to suffer a heart attack than nonsmokers, and the risk increases with the number of cigarettes smoked. Smoking also causes most cases of chronic lung disease.† Clara Phyllis, an employee in the organization, testified to the harms of smoking: â€Å"I’ve been smoking since I was 14 years old. Now, I have lung cancer. I wish I quit earlier.† Cigarette smoking is connected to the productivity of employees and the performance of the organization because it impacts their welfare. Smokers are three times likely to be absent or late because of their smoking-related illnesses, John Hopkins, a human resource staff, reports. Hopkins underscores the need for addressing smoking at work because he notes that people spend more time working than at other places. He advocates for a centralized effort in addressing this health and firm problem. Since smoking occurs at the workplace, it is important that the company implement a comprehensive workplace-smoking program to benefit the employees and the organization. This paper proposes a wide-ranging workplace-smoking program for the company. Background The organization needs a program that will address the needs of educating smoking employees about the consequences of their smoking and helping them to quit this bad habit. Alley Dimple, another HR staff, has recently collected information about smokers at work. She says: â€Å"Around 5 out of 10 people are smoking several times a day. Many of them are constantly sick with colds and other smoking-related diseases. They are more absent, or late, or in need of medical insurance because of smoking.† Her report shows the urgency of addressing smoking because it affects the health of the employees, while reducing their respective performance. Dimple notes that people need to be educated in why they have to stop smok ing and how they can do it: â€Å"Smokers need guidance. They need to be directed on their way towards recovery. This addiction can be stopped, but it is not something they can or we can do overnight.† She emphasizes the importance of education at the workplace to this effort. Smokers can change their smoking behaviors through education and other organization forms of support. HR staff Hopkins agrees with Dimple that firms need to support smoking cessation programs: â€Å"Smokers are not fully aware of the impacts of their smoking on themselves on others. At the same time, they need help quitting their bad habit. Getting help, however, is not something they do voluntarily easily.† He underscores the role of companies as networks of support. Healey and Zimmerman assert in their book that workplace smoking cessation programs are â€Å"more cost effective than many other clinical prevention services† (321). Adult smokers quit more rapidly when their workplaces are supportive of their efforts (Healey and Zimmerman 321). Apparently, a workplace systems approach can be used to understand the impact of organizations on employees. See figure 1, The Smoker in the Workplace. It explains the environmental factors that impact smoking cessation. Figure 1: The Smoker in the

Nursing as a Profession Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Nursing as a Profession - Research Paper Example Nowadays, there are several professions which an individual can select according to his skill and knowledge. According to Michael Plaut, PhD, the assistant Dean for Student Affairs Associate Professor of Psychiatry University of Maryland School of Medicine, a professional is person, with a specialized body of knowledge, set of skills, who beholds certain group mission or identity and maintains a set of standards of behavior and practice (Plaut, n.d.). From this, it transpires that a nurse, whose job involves all these factors and more, is a professional. Thus, it can be argued that nursing is a profession and not merely job or work. A profession is characterized by its traits. Some traits are common to all professionals. The main thing, which is required, is the diligence in one’s own duty. A person, to be called a true professional, needs to conscientiously be aware of her duties as a professional and follow the ethical principles that guide such a profession. He or she should also be highly competent and well-versed with the requirements of the profession and possess the relevant skill sets. Besides, he or she should also be able to understand the feelings of others and have effective communication skills. A professional should be confident in the work and have the quality of integrity. Moreover, a positive attitude along with the willingness to serve the public, are the qualities that are distinct traits of a professional. If one examines the job of a nurse, it can be seen that a nurse needs to possess all these traits, especially in terms of serving others. The American Nurses Association considers t hat â€Å"the depth and breadth of the nursing profession is meeting different health care needs of the population† (Considering Nursing, 2004). Thus, nursing can, unequivocally, be construed as a profession and not a mere job or call. To explain it further, the term nursing needs to