Opium Wars in China Essay -- Chinese Opium Research History Essays

Opium Wars in China The Opium Wars were a series of three wars between the Chinese and the British; primarily fought in regard to the illegal trade of opium in China during the 19th century. They manifested the conflicting natures of both nations and demonstrated China’s misconceptions of its own superiority. The Opium Wars resulted in the humiliating defeat of the Chinese to a country they considered to be â€Å"barbarians†. There were many problems with the system of trade in China; even before opium trading began. China, believing herself to be the most civilized and advanced country, did not feel the need to satisfy Britain, a â€Å"barbarian† country’s request for freer trade and were concerned the British wanted land. Britain however, had no desire for land and only wished to trade, believing it was their right to do so. These misunderstandings and differing opinions were only the start of more to come. They set the foundations to the British and Chinese hostilities. China’s monopolistic system of trade caused great frustration for the British. The incompatible British and Chinese views on trade resulted in the First Opium War. All trade in China was channeled through the city of Canton and was regulated by a group of Chinese merchants known as the â€Å"cohong† who imposed irregular taxes. No direct contact between the foreigners and Chinese were allowed. Such limitations and conditions caused dissatisfaction among the foreign merchants, in particular the British, who ...

The Return: Midnight Chapter 30

â€Å"Strip to your underwear and get in on the other side,†Damon said. His voice was neither angry nor fatuous. He added shortly, â€Å"Elena is dying.† The last three words seemed to affect Stefan particularly, although Elena couldn't parse them. Stefan wasn't moving, just breathing hard, his eyes wide. â€Å"Bonnie and I have been gathering hay and fuel and we're All right.† â€Å"You've been exercising – moving about – wearing clothes that kept you warm. She's been dunked in ice water and sitting Still – high up in the wind. I got the other thurg to break off wood from the dead trees around here and try it on the fire. Now get the hel in, Stefan, and give her some body warmth, or I'm going to make her a vampire.† â€Å"Nnn,†Elena tried to say, but Stefan didn't seem to understand. Damon, however, said, â€Å"Don't worry. He's going to warm you up from the other side. You won't have to become a vampire just yet. For God's sake,†he added suddenly, explosively, â€Å"some prince you picked!† Stefan's voice was quiet and tense. â€Å"You tried putting her in a thermal envelope?† â€Å"Of course I tried, you idiot! No magic works beyond the Mirror except telepathy.† Elena had no sense of time going by, but suddenly there was a familiar body pressed against hers from the other side. And somewhere directly in her mind: Elena? Elena? You're All right, aren't you, Elena? I don't care whether you're playing a joke on me. But you're real y All right, aren't you? Just tell me that, love. Elena wasn't able to answer at all. Dimly, fragments of sound came to her ears: â€Å"Bonnie†¦on top of her and†¦pack ourselves back on either side.† And dul feelings stirred her sense of touch: a smal body, almost weightless, like a thick blanket, pressing down on her. Someone sobbing, tears dripping on her neck from above. And warmth on either side. I'm asleep with the other kittens, she thought, dozing. Maybe we'l have a nice dream. â€Å"I wish we could know how they're doing,†Meredith said, on a pause from one of her pacing bouts. â€Å"I wish they knew how we're doing,†Matt said wearily as he taped another note card amulet onto a window. And another. â€Å"Do you know, my dears, I kept hearing a child crying last night in my dreams,†Mrs. Flowers said slowly. Meredith turned, startled. â€Å"So did I! Right out on the front porch, it sounded like. But I was too tired to get up.† â€Å"It might mean something – or nothing at all.†Mrs. Flowers frowned. She was boiling tap water for tea. The electricity was sporadic. Matt and Saber had driven back to the boardinghouse earlier that day so that Matt could gather Mrs. Flowers's most important instruments – her herbs for teas, compresses, and poultices. He hadn't had the heart to tel her about the state of the boardinghouse, or what those maggot malach had done to it. He'd had to find a loose board from the garage to get from the hal to the kitchen. There was no third floor anymore and very little second. At least he hadn't run into Shinichi. â€Å"What I'm saying is that maybe there's some real kid out there,†Meredith said. â€Å"At night alone? Sounds like a Shinichi zombie,†Matt said. â€Å"Maybe. But maybe not. Mrs. Flowers, do you have any idea of when you hear the crying? Early in the night or late?† â€Å"Let me think, dear. It seems to me that I hear it whenever I wake up – and old people wake up quite frequently.† â€Å"I usual y hear it toward the morning – but I usual y sleep without dreaming for the first few hours and wake up early.† Mrs. Flowers turned to Matt. â€Å"What about you, Matt, dear? Do you ever hear a sound like crying?† Matt, who deliberately overworked himself these days to try to get a solid six hours of sleep at night, said, â€Å"I've heard the wind kind of moaning and sobbing around midnight, I guess.† â€Å"It sounds as if we have an al -night ghost, my dears,†Mrs. Flowers said calmly and poured them each a mug of tea. Matt saw Meredith glance at him uneasily – but Meredith didn't know Mrs. Flowers as well as he did. â€Å"You don't real y think it's a ghost,†he said now. â€Å"No, I don't. Ma ma hasn't said a word about it, and then it's your house, Matt, dear. No gruesome murders or hideous secrets in its past, I should think. Let me see†¦Ã¢â‚¬ She shut her eyes and let Matt and Meredith go on with their tea. Then she opened her eyes and gave them a puzzled smile. â€Å"Ma ma says ‘search the house for your ghost. Then listen well to what it has to say.'† â€Å"Okay,†Matt said poker-faced. â€Å"Since it's my house, I guess I'd better search for it. But when? Should I set an alarm?† â€Å"I think the best way would be to arrange a watch rota,† Mrs. Flowers said. â€Å"Okay,†Meredith agreed promptly. â€Å"I'l take the middle watch, from midnight to four; Matt can have the first one; and Mrs. Flowers, you can have the early-morning one, and get a nap in the afternoon if you want.† Matt felt uneasy. â€Å"Why don't we just break it up into two watches and the two of you can share one? I'l take the other.† â€Å"Because, dear Matt,†Meredith said, â€Å"we don't want to be treated like ‘ladies.'And don't argue† – she hefted the fighting stave – â€Å"because I'm the one with the heavy equipment.† Something was shaking the room. Shaking Matt with it. Stillhalf-asleep, he put his hand under his pil ow and pul ed out the revolver. A hand grabbed it and he heard a voice. â€Å"Matt! It's me, Meredith! Wake up, wil you?† Groggily, Matt reached for the lamp switch. Again, strong, slim cold fingers prevented him from doing what he wanted. â€Å"No light,†Meredith whispered. â€Å"It's very faint, but if you come with me quietly, you can hear it. The crying.† That woke Matt up the rest of the way. â€Å"Right now?† â€Å"Right now.† Doing his best to walk quietly through the dark hal s, Matt fol owed Meredith to the downstairs living room. â€Å"Sh!†Meredith warned. â€Å"Listen.† Matt listened. He could hear some sobbing All right, and maybe some words, but they didn't sound al that ghostly to him. He put his ear to the wal and listened. The crying was louder. â€Å"Do we have a flashlight?†Matt asked. â€Å"I have two, my dears. But this is a very dangerous time of night.†Mrs. Flowers was a shadow against darkness. â€Å"Please give the flashlights to us,†said Matt. â€Å"I don't think our ghost is very supernatural. What time is it, anyway?† â€Å"About twelve forty A.M.,†Meredith answered. â€Å"But why do you think it isn't supernatural?† â€Å"Because I think it's living in our basement,†Matt said. â€Å"I think it's Cole Reece. The kid who ate his guinea pig.† Ten minutes later, with the stave, two flashlights, and Saber, they had caught their ghost. â€Å"I didn't mean anything bad,†Cole sobbed, when they had lured him upstairs with promises of candy and â€Å"magic†tea that would let him sleep. â€Å"I didn't hurt anything, honest,†he choked, wolfing down Hershey bar after Hershey bar from their emergency rations. â€Å"I'm scared that he's onto me. Because after you hit me with that sticky note, I haven't been able to hear him in my head anymore. And then you came here† – he gestured around Matt's house – â€Å"and you had amulets and I figured it would be better to stay inside them. Or it could be my Last Midnight too.† He was babbling. But something about the last words made Matt say, â€Å"What do you mean†¦'your Last Midnight too'?† Cole looked at him in terror. The rim of melted Hershey bar around his lips made Matt remember the last time he'd seen the boy. â€Å"You know, don't you?†Cole faltered. â€Å"About the midnights? The countdown? Twelve days til the Last Midnight? Eleven days til the Last Midnight? And now†¦tonight is one day til the Last Midnight†¦Ã¢â‚¬ He began to sob again, even while cramming chocolate into his mouth. It was clear that he was starving. â€Å"But what happens on the Last Midnight?†Meredith asked. â€Å"You know, don't you? That that's the time when†¦ you know.†Maddeningly Cole seemed to think they were testing him. Matt put his hands on Cole's shoulders, and to his horror felt bones under his fingers. The kid really was starving, he thought, forgiving him al the Hershey bars. His eyes met Mrs. Flowers's eyes and she immediately went to the kitchen. But Cole wasn't answering; he was mumbling incoherently. Matt forced himself to apply pressure to those bony shoulders. â€Å"Cole, talk louder! What's this Last Midnight about?† â€Å"You know. That's when†¦al the kids†¦ you know, they wait up and at midnight†¦they get knives or guns. You know. And we go into our parents'room while they're asleep and†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Cole broke down again, but Matt noticed he had slipped into saying â€Å"we†and â€Å"our†by the end. Meredith spoke in her calm, steady voice. â€Å"The children are going to kil their parents, is that right?† â€Å"He showed us where to slash or stab. Or if there's a gun – â€Å" Matt had heard enough. â€Å"You can stay – in the basement,†he said. â€Å"And here are some amulets. Put them on you if you feel like you're in danger.†He gave Cole a whole packet of Post-it Notes. â€Å"Just don't be afraid,†Meredith added, as Mrs. Flowers came in with a plate of sausages and fried potatoes for Cole. At any other time the smel would have made Matt hungry. â€Å"It's just like that island in Japan,†he said. â€Å"Shinichi and Misao made it happen there, and they're going to do it again.† â€Å"I say time's running out. Actual y it's already the Last Midnight day – it's nearly one thirty in the morning,†Meredith said. â€Å"We have less than twenty-four hours. We should either get out of Fel ‘s Church or do something to arrange a confrontation.† â€Å"A confrontation? Without Elena or Damon or Stefan?†Matt said. â€Å"We'l be murdered. Don't forget Sheriff Mossberg.† â€Å"He didn't have this.†Meredith tossed the fighting stave into the air, caught it neatly, and put it at her side. Matt shook his head. â€Å"Shinichi wil Stillkil you. Or some little kid wil , with the semi-automatic from Daddy's closet.† â€Å"We have to do something.† Matt thought. His head was pounding. Final y he said, head lowered, â€Å"When I got the herbs I got Misao's star bal , too.† â€Å"You're kidding. Shinichi still didn't find it?† â€Å"No. And maybe we could do something with it.† Matt looked at Meredith, who looked at Mrs. Flowers. Mrs. Flowers said, â€Å"What about pouring out the liquid in different places in Fel ‘s Church? Just a drop here and a drop there? We could ask the Power in it to protect the town. Maybe it would listen.† Meredith said, â€Å"That was the exact reason we wanted to get Shinichi's and Misao's star bal s in the first place. The star bal s control their owners, according to legend.† Matt said, â€Å"It may be old-ways thinking, but I agree.† Meredith said, â€Å"Then let's do it right now.† While the other two waited, Matt got Misao's star bal . It had a very, very little liquid on the bottom. â€Å"After the Last Midnight she plans to fil it to the top with the energy of the new lives that get taken,†Meredith said. â€Å"Well, she's not going to get a chance to do that,†Matt said flatly. â€Å"When we're done we'l destroy the container.† â€Å"But we probably should hurry,†Meredith added. â€Å"Let's get some weapons together: something silver, something long and heavy, like a fire iron. Shinichi's little zombies are not going to be happy – and who knows who's on his side?†

Factors That Affect Team Cooperation At The Team Level

Introduction Although the team has its advantages, but the reality of teamwork there will still be a lot of problems that hinder the efficiency of teamwork and make the team cannot produce the desired high performance. This reflection is the analyses and experiences of teamwork in the process about group presentation. It puts forward many factors which affect team cooperation at the team level, including the team characteristics and the impacts of cohesiveness, norming and the conflict in different stages of team development. The purpose is to analyse the relationship between these factors and teamwork, give the follow-up to its improvement, and further promote to the performance of teamwork. Discussion Team Characteristics Team size†¦show more content†¦Perhaps because all the members came from Asia, it caused the similar value views and world views. When we talked the social phenomenon in our own countries, other members always feeling empathy about it. Moreover, the diversity can bring some benefits. For example, we decided to use English in all team meetings and conversation. By doing this, we can practice English frequently. Also, this is a respecting for using all-understand language when the team members came from different country. On the other hand, some studies suggest that the diversity can be distinguished to surface-level and deep-level which refer to demographic differences and psychological differences (Price, Harrison, Gavin, Florey, 2002). However, studies distinguished diversity from different angles which in order to provide various theories to help teams to recognise the advantage of multiformity. Recently, research studies have confirmed that diversity can contribute to a positive level of conflict and it leads to better decision making. Member roles For an effective team, it is absolutely necessary to clear identify what roles do the members perform. In order to meet the competition, a successful team was required task performance and social satisfaction. Accordingly, there are two roles that a member can play in a teamwork which is task specialist role and socioemotional role (Lehmann-Willenbrock, Beck, Kauffeld, 2015). It has been observed that members paly in aShow MoreRelatedHow Personality Can Affect The Performance Of Teams1395 Words   |  6 Pagespersonality can affect the performance of teams. This essay will also explore various theories relevant to personalities and will assess how different personalities can be beneficial in increasing team performance as well as any disadvantages. This essay will also explore how personality can affect the inter-personal relationship between team members. 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This process can also can the stakeholders and shareholders in the company that differentRead MoreOrganizations That Can Impact Human Performance2456 Words   |  10 Pagesperformance management, they need to consider theories associated with ‘social factors’. Social factor is the study of human interaction and how those interactions can affect both human and safety performance. Topics for discussion to improve human performance and in the context of team work as a social interaction will include system complexity and coupling. According to Wilson et al. (2007, p. 246) ‘effective team work is extremely important when coordinated, interdependent behaviour is requiredRead MoreThe Development Of A Group1636 Words   |  7 Pagesthemselves to be a distinct unit that is different to other groups. The group must have shared goals, targets, norms and values, and be prepared to achieve these goals collectively. All of these characteristics are common in teams, but there are some key differences between a group and a team. Forming - During the forming stage, group members familiarise themselves with other group members, get to know each other and try to decide if they belong in that group. During this stage, group members start to assessRead MoreEvaluating Team Based Structures Within The Workplace970 Words   |  4 Pagesused team-based structures were considered newsworthy. In today’s business environment, most companies implement a team-based structure in their workforce. Implementing team-based structures in the workplace can have many impacts on the company, providing both benefits and disadvantages. Relying on a team-based structure does not guarantee an increase in performance, productivity, or employee satisfaction. However, companies can use many techniques to improve the effectiveness of their team-based

The Dissolution Of Marriage Bonds - 1511 Words

The dissolution of marriage bonds in the society today is no longer an issue spoken in hushed tones behind doors as in previous times. Statistics have indicated an increasing rate of divorce in countries like Belgium and Chile as being very high and only a few places like the Philippines depict low rates (Kittleson, et.al, 2005). It is on account of these developments that we seriously ponder and guess on what really caused the sudden rise. Is it a problem with the individual or is it society’s drawback? It is commonly quotes that half of the marriages that exist today end up in divorce. Taking the example of Canada, latest studies have found that four in ten first marriages end in divorce (cbc.ca, 2015). What has drawn attention is not just the figures but it is the comparison between the present and the past figures and the rate with which they are rising (Kittleson,et.al, 2005). Divorce indeed has existed over many generations. The reasons given for divorce in society have not really changed much but have only become more complicated because of the societal dynamics. While pursuing solutions to this issue, strategies have been laid out just like that applied to many other problems’. Such is the case that various professionals who include researchers, scholars, sociologist’s and many others have made attempts to figure out what exactly is the source to divorce. Here, the big question is whether it is a problem with society or with theShow MoreRelatedChildren Coping Wi th Parent s Dissolution975 Words   |  4 Pageswith parent’s dissolution have more problem adjusting to life events: â€Å"Research on interparental conflict and child adjustment† has shown that parental conflicts that are overt, intense, and child related are more strongly associated with child maladjustment than conflicts that are less evident (covert), intense, and not child related† (Davies Cummings, 2006; Grych Fincham, 1990). 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Analysis Of Thomas Middleton s The Crucible - 1246 Words

Analytical Research Paper Thomas Middleton’s, Women Beware Women and Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, are both set in the 1600s a time when women did not have any rights. Although both stories are completely different from each other, they share a common trait of bold, powerful women. In The Crucible, Abigail’s jealousy and desire to have revenge on Elizabeth Proctor has her manipulate everyone in the town of Salem causing hysteria. Livia, the widow in Women Beware Women strategically manipulates every person to turn their backs on each other which creates a tragedy. Abigail and Livia are the villains in their community but how they acquire their power is very different. While Abigail’s power comes from her intense desire for revenge on a specific person and then spreads throughout the community, Livia’s motivation for power originates from her own boredom and desire for control on a large scale. Both of these characters are nothing short of cynical. They are motivated by self interest and cannot be trusted. Livia, is the sister to Hippolito and Fabritio and the aunt to Isabella. She is a wealthy woman on her own but her life went down hill after losing two husbands. There is no question that she is the essence of evil in â€Å"Women Beware Women† because she wants other people to be miserable as she once was. In â€Å"The Psychological Drama of Women Beware Women† written by Charles A. Hallett, he says, â€Å"Cynicism is, in a sense, a mechanism developed by the unimaginative designedShow MoreRelatedWhiteness as a Field of Study2712 Words   |  11 Pagesthat the country wanted or desired as citizens. Making race central to decide who can become citizen and per extension who can come to America. Whiteness, Law and Immigration Antecedents and Beginnings Even if the field was born in the 1990’s some of its questions were asked before. The study of white groups of people in multicultural societies like the American has always been in the mind of some scholars. The mass migration to the United States has made it a fertile ground for this kindRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers

Effect on Enzyme Activity free essay sample

Part A – Effect of temperature on Rennin Intro Temperature affects the rate at which molecules collide with each other. An increase in temperature will inturn increase activity and rate of reacton. Enzymes only work at a specific temperature. Enzymes are specially folded to form active sites of a specific shape, and high temperatures can change the shape of the active sites, causing enzyme to be denatured.. Rennin is enzyme found in stomach of mammals that helps solidiy milk. Materials Rennin solution * 120ml of milk * 12 Test tubes * Stopwatch * Test tube rack * Measuring cylinder * Water bath * Ice * Thermometer Method 1. Give each test tube a number from 1-12. 2. In each test tube place 10ml of milk. 3. Place test tubes 1-4 in ice water. 4. Measure the temperature of the water and record results in table. 5. Place 10 drops of rennin solution into test tubes 3 and 4. Test tubes 1 and 2 are controls and no rennin will be added to them. 6. Begin timing. Check if the milk has clotted in each test tube by removing from the ice water and tilting slightly every 30 seconds. If the milk has clotted it should not move. 7. Record the time taken for the milk to solidify completely for each test tube in the results table. 8. Place test tube 5—8 in a water bath of approximately 37oC. 9. Repeat steps 5-7 but leave test tubes 5 and 6 as conntrol’s – add no rennin.. 10. Place test tubes 9-12 in a water bath of approximately 80oC. 11. Repeat steps 5-7 but leave test tubes 9 and 10 as the controls- add no rennin. Results Temperature of Water Bath| Test Tuvbe Number| Time taken for Milk to Solidify (mins)| | 1 Control| -| | 2 Control| -| -10| 3 Treatment| * 15| | 4 Treatment| * 15| | 5 Control| -| 37| 6 Control| -| | 7 Treatment| 2| | 8 Treatment| 2| | 9 Control| -| 80| 10 Coontrol| -| | 11 Teatment| * 15| | 12 Treatment| * 15| The purpose of the control test tubes were too compare the results of the test tubes with rennin, and to justify that temperature has an effect on enzyme activity. From the results in the table the fastest reaction of cl otting the milk occurred at 37o C, this was the optimum temperature for the activity of tyhr enzyme present in the stomach know as rennin. This is because the temperature of the stomach is 37o C,and it is at this temp that rennin actively clots milk in the stomach. Anything outside this temperate the enzyme activity decreased/denatured. Part B – Effect of Change in Ph on Enzyme Catalase Intro Ph affects the activity of an enzynme in a similar manner to that of temperature. Enzymes wil have a specific pH for optimum function. If enxzyme put into environment outside optimum ph , it will change the shape of the proteins that make up active site and denature the enzyme-decreasing activity. Catlase is an enzyme found in every cell of the human body. Cells produce hydrogen peroxide as a by product of cellular respiration. Hydrogen peroxide is toxic and needs to be broken down. Catalase breaks it down into water and oxygen. Materials * 6 x 1 cm3 cubes of cow liver/potato cubes * 1 mortar and pestle * 12 test tubes * Test tube rack * 30 cm rulr * 20 mL hydrogen peroxide * 20 mL 2M HCl * 20 mL 2M NaOH * 20 mL water * pH probe * Litimus paper Method 1. Label the test tubes from 1-12 and place in the test tube rack. 2. Add 5 mL of hydrogen Peroxide solution to all the test tubes. 3. In Test tubes 1-4 add 5 mL of 2M HCl. 4. In test tubes 5-8 add 5 mL of 2M NaOH. 5. In test tubes 9-12 add 5 mL of water. 6. Using the pH probe and litimus paper measure the pH of each of the tubes. 7. Add 1cm3 of crushed liver or potato (use the mortar and pestle to do this) to test tubes 3 and 4. 8. Measure the level of bubbles that rise up in each of the test tubes and record them in the results table 9. Repeat with test tubes 7 and 8 , and then with test tubes 11 and 12. Results Test tube| pH of solution| Height (cm) of bubbles produced| 1 Control| 6| 5| 2 Control| 6| 5| 3 Treatment| 1| 0. 1| 4 Treatment| 1| 0. 1| 5 Control| 6| 5| 6 Control| 6| 5| 7 Treatment| 9| 10| 8 Treatment| 9| 10| The purpose of the control test tubes were too compare the results of the test tubes with catalse, and to justify that pH has an effect on enzyme activity. From the results in the table the greatest reaction largets height was test tube 7 and 8 with a ph of 9 bubbling 10 cm. The pH of 9 was the optimum pH for the activity of the enzyme catalase present in all the bodies cells. This is because the of the body is basic at aroud 9 pH. It is at this pH that catalase actively actively breaks down toxic hydrogen peroxide, into hydrogen and oxygen. 2H2O2 Catalase 2H2O + O2 Part C – Effect of substrate concentration on Enzyme Intro Effect of substrate concentration: initially, the more substrate you add will cause enzyme activity to increase, upto a certain point (activity doesnt increase infinitely). Once youve added enough substrated that all enzymes are being used, increasing substrate concentration any further would have no effect on activity. So again, initially increasing substrate concentration would cause enzyme activity to increase but up to a maximum. Once youve added enough substrate to completely keep all the enzymes busy, adding any extra substrate has no effect on enzyme activity. As the substate concentration is increased the rate of reaction increases. There are more collisions between the substrate and the enzyme such that more activated complexs are formed and therefore product per unit time. b) Further increases in substrate also increase the rate but proportionately less than previously. The number of occupied active site is increasing and there is competition for the active site. (c) The rate is constant. The enzyme active site is fully saturated with substrate such that adding more substrate does not increase the rate of reaction. The enzymes molecules are fu lly occupied converting substrate to product and any substrate must await a free active site before conversion to product. Materials Method Results Conclusion

Ecstacy Essay Example For Students

Ecstacy Essay EcstasyMDMA also, known as ecstasy, has killed at least 15 young people and doctors are extremely concerned with its long term effect from continued usage. The usage of ecstasy increases every year and is usually taken by teenagers at clubs. But, more importantly the people taking this drug are young and that has to be a concern. Many of the drug users have no idea what there in for. Many dont know that it only takes one pill to ruin a lifetime. Like any drug once it enters the human body, eventually the brain comes in contact with it. Thats when the psychological and physical effects come into action. MDMA is currently classified as a Schedule I substance. Until 1985, MDMA was used extensively by psychiatrists and psychologists to help people with certain psychological and emotional difficulties. Although it was said to be a aphrodisiac drug there is no evidence to prove it. Many of those who take ecstasy say it brings them a feeling of expansive well being. As the drug comes in contact with the brain, which is the control center for all thoughts, the neurotransmitter called serotonin is alerted. Serotonin controls our sensations of hunger, fatigue and depression. If serotonin increases in a great amount, thats when the user feels satisfied and no guilt for decision on taking the drug. Ecstasy is taken in the form of pills, though there are different types of pills. According to some sources, six new designs are produced every month. Some include red and black capsules, known as Dennis the Menace, White Doves, and Hamburgers. An Ecstasy high can last from six to 24 hours, with the average trip lasting only about three to four hours. Ecstasy has the tendency to break down barriers between therapists and patients, lovers, and family members. Many of the risk users face with MDMA are similar to those of cocaine. Ecstasy causes many psychological difficulties, including confusion, depression, sleep problems, drug craving, severe anxiety, and paranoia-during and sometimes weeks after taking MDMA. Ecstasy causes confusion because its usually taken at a club where a lot of people attend and loud music is played. Ecstasy is a tolerant drug. In order to get the same effects after a period of time; the user needs to increase the dosage. MDMA has also shown some cases of liver damage and heart attacks. Although research has not yielded evidence of Ecstasy-induced brain damage in humans, heavy administration of the drug has produced neurological damage in rats and monkeys. There are also physical symptoms that can oc cur once on X. For example muscle tension, involuntary teeth clenching, nausea, blurred vision, rapid eye movement, faintness, and chills or sweating. Also, there is evidence that people develop a rash that looks like acne after using MDMA. There is many times when users mix alcohol with ecstasy. This action causes the body to become dehydrated. A person on X is known for carrying a bottle of water because their heart is pumping at an extreme pace due to constant moments. A number of deaths have occurred because the users dont drink enough water and become overheated. Another frightening report has been that of internal bleeding in users. This could be due to Ecstasy having anti-coagulate properties-that is, it stops blood from clotting and therefore a person runs the risk of bleeding to death. Ecstasy is most often found in tablet, capsule, or powder form and is usually consumed orally; although, it can also be injected. Ecstasy is usually priced at anywhere between $7-$30 dollars each. The effects of the drug stay active within 4-8 hours. Many refer to it as X, but there are other street names such as Adam, X-TC, Clarity, Essence, Stacy, Lovers Speed, Eve, etc. Many drug dealers at nightclubs create the most unusual names for ecstasy, so they wont get caught selling X. Its very difficult to detect a child that is taking ecstasy because it only stays in their body up to 4 days.In conclusion, I would like to state my opinions in regards to ecstasy. First of all ecstasy is extremely addictive. The drug user can take up to 4-6 pills depending on how long they have been taking